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Finland and Sweden’s accession to NATO marked a major structural shift in Northern European security, extending NATO’s direct border with Russia. Meanwhile, Poland has become one of Europe’s highest defense spenders relative to GDP, investing heavily in air defense systems, artillery, and armored capabilities.
EU-Level Coordination
At the European Union level, defense spending has risen significantly since 2022, surpassing €300 billion collectively across member states. Programs often referenced in policy discussions — such as “Readiness 2030” and expanded joint procurement initiatives — aim to address long-standing fragmentation in Europe’s defense industry.
Key priorities include:
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